Test method for evaluating textile fabric performance

ABSTRACT

A method evaluating a strength of a textile for use in articles of clothing representative of normal wear and tear and comprising testing samples including the textile treated with an application of polyethylene, the untreated textile, and/or the textile being washed and dried one or more times; and/or where the textile has been conditioned. Each sample tested is weighed prior to and after abrasion resistance testing is conducted on each sample. The samples are each abraded with an abrasion resistance testing machine that has been modified with ISO test heads and an abrasive surface having a plurality of abrasion layers thereon. A number of rubs of abrasion between the abrasive surface and the test sample is pre-selected such that the test is run until the selected number of rubs have been completed. A bursting strength test can be further conducted on abraded areas of the testing samples.

CROSS-REFERENCE OF RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is based on and claims the benefit of U.S.provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/649,832, filed Mar. 29, 2018,the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND

Evaluating the performance, or strength, of a textile involvessubjecting the textile fabric to abrasion testing and continuingabrasion testing the sample until the textile fails, and the fibersbreak creating a hole in the textile. Textiles are finished with anapplication of a polyethylene (PE) coating to improve the resistance ofthe textile to abrasion, preventing textile failure and prolonging thelife of the textile when the textile is incorporated into articles ofclothing.

Generally, the prior testing methods for evaluating textile strengthinclude subjecting the textile to abrasion testing by rubbing the samplewith an abrading material such as duck cloth and continuing to rub thesample until the fibers break and a hole in the textile is formed. Thestrength of a textile having the PE coating thereon, a treated textile,is evaluated based on the total number of passes or rubs completedbefore textile failure occurs. The prior testing methods for evaluatingthe textile performance produced widely inconsistent results forabrasion resistance, thus providing an inaccurate indication of textilestrength that is not consistent with articles returned to manufacturersfor early and/or excessive wear and tear.

The discussion above is merely provided for general backgroundinformation and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining thescope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is notlimited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted inthe background.

SUMMARY

A method of evaluating a textile for strength includes preparing one ormore samples of a textile for abrasion resistance testing. The one ormore samples include one or more of the textile treated with anapplication of polyethylene, the untreated textile, and the textilebeing washed and dried one or more times prior to testing. The abrasionresistance testing includes abrading each of the one or more samplesusing a controlled abrasion resistance test carried out for apre-selected number of rubs of abrasive contact between each of the oneor more samples and an abrading material. The test is carried out usingan abrasion testing machine. Evaluating the strength of the textile forstrength or performance in articles of clothing includes an evaluationbased on the condition of the sample after abrasion testing, include thetextile ability to withstand abrasion.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, each sample is weighed toobtain a first and a second weight measurement where the first weightmeasurement is obtained prior to abrasion resistance testing and thesecond weight measurement is obtained after completion of the abrasionresistance testing. Evaluating the strength of the textile for strengthor performance in articles of clothing includes then a comparison of thefirst weight measurement and the second weight measurement across theone or more samples.

In accordance with a further embodiment, the abraded samples aresubjected to burst strength testing. An abraded area of each sample isloaded into a burst strength testing machine and the burst strength ofthe fabric is obtained.

A method of testing the textile for abrasion resistance comprisespreparing a plurality of samples of the textile for abrasion testing. Anabrasion resistance testing machine is outfitted with a plurality oftest heads to accommodate multiple samples for testing. A first pad ismounted to a bottom disk which corresponds to a test head. A second padis then secured to, or on top of, the first pad wherein the second padhas an abrading surface. The first pad and the second pad are generallycomprised of different materials having different abrading qualities.The abrading surface of the second pad is outwardly or upwardly facingand positioned for contacting the textile sample, which is secured to atop disk corresponding to each bottom disk of each test head. Aplurality of selected parameters for testing, such as a speed ofmovement of the plurality of test heads, a testing weight for each testhead, and/or a number of rubs for movement of the plurality of testheads are set and the samples are then abraded.

In accordance with a further embodiment, a method of preparing aplurality of samples of textiles for textile strength evaluationcomprises cutting a plurality of test sample sets. Each test sample setincludes a first sample and a second sample of the textile. The firstsample may be the textile having an application of polyethylene thereonand the second sample would then be a control sample, without theapplication of polyethylene. One or more test sample sets are washed anddried at least once and a plurality of test sample sets are also washedand dried a plurality of times. The samples may also be conditionedprior to sample preparation.

The plurality of test sample sets include the textile in various states,such that in combination with abrasion resistance testing, the method ofevaluating the strength of the textile is representative of user wearand tear when the textile is incorporated into articles of clothing.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of performing a modified abrasiontest on one or more sample textile fabrics.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of evaluating the samples subjectedto an abrasion test for determining strength of the textile fabric.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method of preparing the one or more sampletextile fabrics for testing and evaluation of the textile fabricstrength.

FIG. 4 is an image of abraded samples after conducting the abrasion testaccording to the embodiments described herein.

FIG. 5 is TABLE 1A showing results for selected textiles of the modifiedabrasion test described herein.

FIG. 6 is TABLE 1B showing results for treated textiles of the modifiedabrasion test described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Textile strength evaluation methods have not been able to consistentlyor cost effectively measure a textile performance beyond the failure ofthe material from a breakage of strands of the material and theformation of holes in the textile. Textiles for use in articles ofclothing may frequently have a polyethylene (“PE”) coating appliedthereto to increase the strength of the textile and its resistance toabrasion, thus reducing the likelihood the article of clothing willbegin to pill and eventually develop holes from wear and use.

In the past, the strength of a textile was evaluated by comparing thenumber of cycles of abrasion testing the finished textile (e.g., PEcoated) could withstand before a hole is worn in the sample. Abrasionresistance testing machines, such as a Martindale abrasion testingmachine can be used for subjecting textiles to abrasion. The abrasionresistance test, also referred to as a “rub test” is intended tosimulate natural wear on a textile, where the textile sample is rubbedagainst a standard abrasive surface, such as a duck cloth, with aspecified force. A Martindale testing machine is a standard machine usedfor testing and quantifying the abrasion resistance of a material. Thenumber of abrasion cycles that are completed leading to the materialbeing worn to a specified degree (e.g., pilling or a hole) with theMartindale testing is a “wear number.” One cycle is equal to sixteen(16) rubs where a rub is a completed pass along a travel path such as anorbital path returning to a start point. The higher the wear number,generally the longer a material will resist abrasion.

Samples of the finished textile and samples of the control textile havebeen subjected to an open-ended number of rubs. That is, the abrasiontest is run until a hole is formed in the sample. The wear number hasbeen found to vary greatly, even among repeated samples of the sametreated or control textile. The wear numbers are so inconsistent as toprovide little insight as to the actual strength of the textile.

Embodiments described below improve the method of evaluating and testingstrength of textiles, including PE coated textiles. The methods oftesting and evaluation, as well as sample preparation described hereinhave significantly increased the consistency of the abrasion resistanceresults and reproducibility of the results, providing a representativestrength evaluation of the textiles. The methods of testing andevaluation further produce a significant cost savings to manufacturersby reduction in the extent of testing required for evaluating thestrength of the textiles. This cost savings is passed onto the consumerwho also benefits by purchasing an article of clothing able to withstandrepeated wear and use.

The PE coated textiles are treated textiles. Textiles are subjected toat least one coating of PE to increase a “wear strength” of the textilewithout adding weight to the textile. The PE coating acts to reinforcethe knit fibers in the textile. The term “wear strength” as used hereinrefers to the ability of the textile to withstand user wear and tearwhen the textile is incorporated into an article of clothing. The wearstrength includes the resistance of the textile to pilling (theformation of small balls of fluff on a knit fabric surface) and tearingfrom, user wear.

The treated textiles are subjected to abrasion resistance testing forpurposes of evaluating the wear strength of the textile, also referredto herein after as a “strength” test and/or evaluation.

In accordance with one embodiment, an accurate and representativereflection of the wear strength of the treated textile from user wear,is achieved by subjecting a treated textile sample to a preselectednumber of abrasive rubs, using a modified abrasion resistance machineand test method, and further optionally comparing the weight of thematerial before and after the abrasion testing. The abraded textilesamples are then be subjected to burst strength testing for furtherevaluation of the strength of the abraded fibers in the textile sampleswhere the textile sample survived the abrasion test intact (e.g.,without hole formation).

It is within the scope of this disclosure that embodiments of themethods described herein may further include the treated textile furtherevaluated for strength by a comparison of the treated textileperformance to a control textile performance. A control sample may be asample of the textile without a PE coating.

Further increasing the accuracy of the strength evaluation includeswashing and drying the textile samples a number of times before abrasiontesting to reflect user wear over time and after laundering the articlesof clothing. The method described herein provides abraded textiles thatare representative of the articles incorporating the textiles therein,and more accurately predicts textile failure from everyday wear andtear.

Burst strength testing is a fabric performance test method that measuresthe resistance of textile fabrics to bursting (“burst strength”) using ahydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting testers. Due to theconstruction of knit fabrics and their stretchable nature, it is notpossible to measure the tensile strength of a knit fabric (e.g., bypulling it apart) or the tear strength (e.g., by attempting to tear thefabric). The burst strength test is carried out by using an inverteddiaphragm to “poke” a hole in the textile sample. In the methods oftesting and evaluating the textile strength described herein, thebursting strength test provides an indication of the decrease in fabricstrength resulting from the abrasion testing of the samples.Theoretically, a textile coated with PE should have minimal to no lossin weight or bursting strength as the PE coating is applied to reducethe fiber loss resulting from wear (abrasion) and washing.

The methods described herein are used to test and evaluate the strengthof cotton-rich textiles or fabrics treated with an application orcoating of polyethylene. The terms “textile” and “fabric” areinterchangeably used herein. For example, this method may be used withcotton fabrics, including but not limited to cotton blends such ascotton spandex, cotton polyester, or cotton polyester spandex blends.These textiles are then used to produce articles of clothing. Thecotton-rich textiles are also treated or finished with an application ofat least one layer of polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as “PE”) toincrease the strength of the textile for wear and use.

FIG. 1 provides a flow diagram for an abrasion test method according toan embodiment described herein. Textile samples subjected to thisabrasion test may then be evaluated as described further below. Theabrasion test method as described herein comprises subjecting one ormore samples of a treated textile, and optionally its correspondingcontrol textile sample, with an improved abrasion resistance testmethod. The abrasion test method can be used with the method ofevaluating the textile for weight loss due to abrasion and burststrength as described in further detail below.

The abrasion test of the embodiment described herein includes modifyinga standard abrasion testing apparatus for operating the abrasion test.The abrasion test also produces wear and tear in the textilesrepresentative of user wear when the textile is incorporated intoarticles of clothing by running the test to a pre-selected number ofabrasion “rubs” applied to the textile samples.

The abrasion test is carried out with a testing material which has anabrasive surface for contacting the textile during the abrasion test.The abrasive surface is generally provided on an abrasive pad and mayhave an increased coefficient of friction with the fabric as compared toprior abrasion testing materials.

Additional weight may be added to testing heads to provide additionalforce to the contact between the textile sample surface and the abrasivesurface during testing.

In further detail, the embodiment described in FIG. 1, is a method 100of abrasion testing which utilizes a standard abrasion testing machine.In the embodiment described herein a Martindale abrasion and pillingtesting machine is used, however, it is contemplated that theembodiments described herein can be utilized on alternative abrasivetesting machines.

As noted previously, the abrading surface in the prior art abrasion testmethods is a duck fabric or duck cloth, such as a #10 cotton duckfabric. However, in one embodiment described herein, an abrasivematerial having a precise surface of micro-replicated structures such astriangular shaped abrading structures is used. The abrading surface hasa higher coefficient of friction than duck cloth. Further, the abrasivematerial utilized in one such embodiment is an abrasive material havingmultiple layers of abrading structures which increase the abrasive lifeof the material. An example of an abrasive material used herein includesself-adhesive abrasive pads suited for sanding operations, namely withrespect to composite and/or woodworking materials. In one particularembodiment, the abrasive surface is an abrasive pad having micron-sizedabrasive pyramids such as the abrasive pads manufactured by 3M Companyand identified as the Trizac™ Hookit™ Film Disc 268XA.

The Martindale abrasion tester is outfitted with selected testing headsat step 110. In the embodiment described herein, the abrasion tester isoutfitted with ISO Martindale 90MM heads, having a top plate and abottom disk. A wool pad is mounted on this bottom disk per ASTMD4966-12(2016) standards at step 120. The abrasive pad is then securedonto the wool pad at step 130. The abrasive pad may be secured to thewool pad by an adhesive layer between the wool pad and the abrasive pad,allowing the abrasive surface of the pad to be exposed for contactingthe textile sample during testing. When selecting the abrasive pad foradhering to the wool pad, abrasive pads having seams or other visibleimperfections, such as multidirectional grain across the pad should bediscarded.

The textile samples for testing, prepared as described in further detailbelow and referred to as disks or sample disks, are then mounted to theheads at step 140. In accordance with one embodiment, each sample isadhered to a surface of a corresponding head. At step 150, the head withthe sample on it is aligned for contact with the abrasive surface of theabrasive pad below the head. The disks should each be substantiallytaught on the tester head without wrinkles or air bubbles between thedisk and the tester head surface. The Martindale tester should beassembled to ensure that there is contact between the abrasive pad andthe textile disk adhered on the top head.

A weight for providing force to the abrasion test is selected by testhead weight alone or in combination with additional weight added to thetest heads to increase the force behind the contact between the abradingsurface and the test sample. In accordance with one embodiment, theheads have a weight sufficient to produce 9 kPa of pressure between thesample and the abrading surface during the abrasion test. Additionalweight is added to the heads to exceed the 9 kPa of pressure. Auxiliaryweight is added to a pilling plate in order to provide a more evendistribution of abrasion and sufficient abrasion across the wholetextile sample surface on the head. For example, an additional 415 gramsof weight may be added in the form of a steel plate that is part of theISO test method being positioned on top of the top head. The steel platehas a weight of about 415 grams per square meter (“GSM”).

The abrasion resistance testing machine is set to a “pilling” operatingfunction which includes a rub path having a variety of curves (e.g., 24mm Lissajous motion) and a rub speed for the testing is set at step 160and a number of rubs is then set at step 170. The rub speed indicatesthe relative speed between the abrasive surface and the sample. Inaccordance with one embodiment, all of the Martindale heads having thesample disks are set to the same pre-selected number of rubs at step170. In the embodiment described herein, the abrasion resistance testingmachine is set to an optimal number of rubs for each head in use forpurposes of evaluating burst strength of the textile with consistencyand accuracy. For example, in one embodiment, the number of rubs is inthe range of approximately 4,500 to 6,000 rubs, or in the range of 5,000to 5,500 rubs, or in the range of 5,100 to 5,300 rubs. In one embodimentdescribed herein, approximately 5,120 rubs with the abrasive paddescribed has been found to provide abrasion or wear to the textilesamples representative of user wear and tear. After the selected numberof rubs between the abrasive pads and the fabric have been completed theinitial test is completed at step 180.

FIG. 2 provides a flow diagram for a method of evaluating the strengthof a treated textile 200 in accordance with one embodiment. The methodcomprises subjecting a treated, or finished, sample and optionally acorresponding control sample to abrasion testing as outlined in FIG. 1and discussed above and then subjecting the treated sample andoptionally the control sample to burst testing. The treated, orfinished, sample is a textile having one or more layers of PE appliedthereto. The corresponding control sample may be the same textile in anuntreated state. While the methods described herein are used forevaluating the wear strength of a treated textile, the methods may alsobe used to evaluate the wear strength of untreated textile samples.

The evaluation of the treated textile may further include obtaining aninitial weight of each sample at step 210. The samples are thensubjected to the controlled abrasion testing of FIG. 1 described above.If the abraded sample failed prior to reaching the preselected number ofrubs during the abrasion test, the number of rubs completed beforefailure occurred is recorded and assigned a failure code. For example,it can be noted for evaluation that the specified sample ruptured beforethe specified number of rubs. The samples may then be weighed again forobtaining a final weight of each abraded sample at step 220.

The abraded and/or weighed samples are each subjected to burst strengthtesting at step 230. The overall strength of the textile and thus itsfitness for use in articles of clothing is evaluated by a comparison ofthe weight loss of the textile samples resulting from abrasion exposureat step 240. After abrasion testing, the burst strength of the treatedtextile and the control textile may be obtained and compared for furtherevaluating the strength of the textile. The change in sample weight canbe attributed to textile fiber loss from pilling, thinning of thetextile, tearing and/or the formation of holes in the textile, all ofwhich negatively impact the durability of the textile for everyday wearand tear. The value of the negative change in weight (e.g., weight loss)correlates to wear strength, such that increased values of weight lossindicate a lower wear strength of the textile. These results may aid inselecting a textile, treated or untreated, for specific articles ofclothing or areas of an article of clothing depending on the desiredwear strength of the article.

To perform step 230, the abraded disks are mounted on a burstingstrength tester machine for burst strength testing. A bursting strengthtester is a machine utilizing forced air to determine the force requireto burst or complete the rupture of the material and thus provides aquantified “burst strength” for the material. When testing the disks,the abraded area of the disk is positioned in a center circle of theburst tester and the burst testing machine is run to completion, wherecompletion includes the textile sample having been burst completely. Theactual burst strength observed for each disk is recorded for evaluatingthe strength of the textile after abrasion.

FIG. 3 provides a flow diagram for preparation of the textile samples300 for testing and evaluation described herein. At step 310, a supplyof both a treated textile and the corresponding control textile may beprovided. The supply is sufficient to allow for multiple samples to becut from each fabric for testing one or more conditions of the textileto evaluate the strength of the textile. The textile supplies may beconditioned or relaxed according to ASTM D4966 standards prior topreparation for testing.

The treated and control samples are prepared by cutting to size forcompatibility with the testing machine. The treated and control samplesare also prepared according to selected conditions as described belowand are then labeled.

A cutter such as a die cutter may be used to cut samples of each of thecontrol textile and the treated textile for testing. For example, aplurality of disks are cut from each supply of the provided controltextile and treated textile. The plurality of disks of each of thecontrol textile and the treated textile are cut to a size and geometrythat matches the geometry of the top head of the tester in oneembodiment. As described herein, the samples are cut to approximately 4″disks as the size of the top head is 3.54″.

A first set of fabric samples is cut without washing the fabric and thesamples are appropriately labeled at step 320.

At step 330, the remaining supplies of the treated textiles andoptionally the control textiles are run through multiple launderingcycles, where one cycle is defined as washing and drying the fabric onetime. In accordance with one embodiment, the sample textiles are washedand dried three (3) times during step 330. At step 340, a second set ofsamples of the treated textile and the control textile are cut from thelaundered supply of treated textile and control textile. Continuing onat step 350, the supplies of control textiles and the treated textilesare then washed and dried an additional plurality of times, for exampletwo additional times to bring the number of cycles to a total five (5)cycles. At step 360, a third set of samples of the treated textile andthe control textile are cut from the further laundered supplies. At step370, the remaining uncut supplies are washed again for a number ofcycles. In accordance with one embodiment, the control textile and thetreated textile are washed and dried for a total of thirty (30) cycles.At step 380, a fourth set of samples of treated textile and controltextile is cut from the still further laundered supply produced at step370.

Test reports are generated which compare the actual testing datagathered for each of the samples prepared and subjected to abrasiontesting and burst strength testing. In one embodiment this may includeboth the control and treated textile samples as prepared and subjectedto abrasion testing and burst strength testing. A control weight beforeabrasion, a control weight after abrasion and thus a weight loss persample may be quantified as a percentage as well as the treated weightbefore and after abrasion, the change in weight quantified as apercentage.

The burst strength is also compared for each sample tested and areduction in burst strength of the textile across selected conditions iscompared. When evaluating the abraded samples for burst strength, anobserved reduction in burst strength across the samples tested indicatesa quality concern with the textile. A reduction in burst strength of thesample may indicate a potential textile quality issue. Textile samplesthat fail to meet pre-set performance standards with respect to burststrength after abrasion are not suitable for use in articles ofclothing.

Evaluation of the fitness for use of the PE textile sample may includeone or more of the following: the number of rubs the samples enduredduring abrasion testing, the weight of the sample before and afterabrasion testing, the burst strength, or a comparison of the PE sampleto its control sample in abrasion testing and burst strength.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES

Referring to FIGS. 5-6, TABLE 1A displays the abrasion test results ofvarious fabric textiles including different jersey fabric textiles andFrench terry cloth textiles, subjected to abrasion resistance testingaccording to the embodiment described herein. The results in TABLE 1Aare average weights per a plurality of samples tested. Averages arereported for purposes of illustration. TABLE 1B displays the abrasiontest results of the various fabric textiles including different jerseyfabric textiles and French terry cloth textiles having a PE coatingthereon and, subjected to abrasion resistance testing according to theembodiment described herein. The results in TABLE 1A are average weightsper a plurality of samples tested. Averages are reported for purposes ofillustration.

TABLE 2 displays the burst strength test results of the jersey fabrictextile subjected to abrasion resistance testing according to theembodiment described herein. The textile tested is jersey fabricclassified as CM 30S/1+SP30D jersey fabric having a weight of 220 gramsper square meter (GSM). The textile samples below were preparedaccording to the method 300 described herein, tested according to thetest method 100 described herein and evaluated according to the method200 also described herein. The samples include a plurality of controland treated textile samples prepared and tested where the samples weretested as provided (e.g. 0 HL), after three cycles of washing and drying(3 HL), after 5 cycles of washing and drying (5 HL) and after 30 cyclesof washing and drying (30 HL). The samples were weighed prior toabrasion testing and after completion of 5,120 rubs.

TABLE 2 Burst Burst Burst Strength Burst Strength Strength (kPa) beforeStrength (kPa) after (kPa) before Abrasion (kPa) after abrasion RUN IDAbrasion Average abrasion Average 0 HL 55 58 55 55 CONTROL 62 55 (3SAMPLES) 58 54 3 HL 58 57 54 55 CONTROL 55 55 (3 SAMPLES) 59 55 5 HL 5353 50 49 CONTROL 54 48 (3 SAMPLES) 53 50 30 HL 52 53 49 49 CONTROL 53 47(3 SAMPLES) 53 50 0 HL 50 49 46 47 TREATED 48 47 (3 SAMPLES) 48 47 3 HL48 47 46 46 TREATED 45 44 (3 SAMPLES) 48 47 5 HL 48 47 47 45 TREATED 5046 (3 SAMPLES) 44 43 30 HL 45 47 44 45 TREATED 49 45 (3 SAMPLES) 46 45

TABLE 3 displays the burst strength test results of the jersey fabrictextile subjected to abrasion resistance testing according to theembodiment described herein. The textile tested is a CM 30S/1+SP40Djersey fabric having a weight of 220 GSM. The textile samples below wereprepared according to the method 300 described herein, tested accordingto the test method 100 described herein and evaluated according to themethod 200 also described herein. The samples include a plurality ofcontrol and treated textile samples prepared and tested where thesamples were tested as provided (e.g. 0 HL), after three cycles ofwashing and drying (3 HL), after 5 cycles of washing and drying (5 HL)and after 30 cycles of washing and drying (30 HL). The samples wereweighed prior to abrasion testing and after completion of 5,120 rubs.

TABLE 3 Burst Burst Burst Strength Burst Strength Strength (kPa) beforeStrength (kPa) after (kPa) before Abrasion (kPa) after abrasion RUN IDAbrasion Average abrasion Average 0 HL 57 59 53 55 CONTROL 60 57 (3SAMPLES) 60 56 3 HL 55 55 51 52 CONTROL 53 51 (3 SAMPLES) 58 55 5 HL 5556 51 52 CONTROL 57 51 (3 SAMPLES) 57 54 30 HL 52 53 49 50 CONTROL 52 50(3 SAMPLES) 55 52 0 HL 46 44 43 41 TREATED 41 39 (3 SAMPLES) 44 42 3 HL44 43 41 41 TREATED 41 40 (3 SAMPLES) 43 41 5 HL 41 42 39 39 TREATED 4340 (3 SAMPLES) 42 39 30 HL 43 42 40 40 TREATED 43 42 (3 SAMPLES) 40 38

TABLES 4-7 below display the results of a prior art abrasion testapplied to four different fabrics. The prior abrasion test conducted wasthe Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(e.g., “Martindale Abrasion Tester Method”) run according to ASTMD4966-12(2016) standards and wherein the textile sample was rubbed untilfailure (fiber breakage, holes) occurred and strength is evaluated bythe number of rubs until fiber breakage occurred. The wear number isrecorded below for each sample.

TABLE 4 below reflects the wear number observed before a 220 GSM weight95/5 cotton/span jersey textile, identified as Sample A, failed. Thistest was repeated with four disks of each textile sample and illustratesthe inconsistency with the standard Martindale Abrasion Tester Methodwith respect to abrasion testing and strength evaluation.

TABLE 4 SAMPLE A WEAR NUMBER 1RUN ID (RUBS UNTIL FAILURE (1-4)) 0 HLCONTROL 467 467 700 1358 (4 SAMPLES) 0 HL TREATED 2533 1933 2200 2333 (4SAMPLES) 20 HL CONTROL 333 400 300 417 (4 SAMPLES) 20 HL TREATED 19671500 2333 3433 (4 SAMPLES)

TABLE 5 below reflects the wear number observed before a 220 GSM weight90/7 cotton/spandex yarn dye textile, identified as Sample B, failed.

TABLE 5 SAMPLE B WEAR NUMBER RUN ID (RUBS UNTIL FAILURE) 0 HL CONTROL1167 0 HL TREATED 3067 20 HL CONTROL 417 20 HL TREATED 3400

TABLE 6 below reflects the number of rubs observed before a 220 GSMweight 90/7 cotton/spandex printed textile, identified as Sample C,failed.

TABLE 6 SAMPLE C WEAR NUMBER RUN ID (RUBS UNTIL FAILURE) 0 HL CONTROL550 0 HL TREATED 2167 20 HL CONTROL 467 20 HL TREATED 1500

TABLE 7 below reflects the wear number observed before a 220 GSM weight93/7 cotton/spandex blend textile, identified as Sample D, failed.

TABLE 7 SAMPLE D WEAR NUMBER RUN ID (RUBS UNTIL FAILURE) 0 HL CONTROL300 0 HL TREATED 1767 20 HL CONTROL 318 20 HL TREATED 1800

It can be seen that the methods described herein as used for testing andevaluating fabric for strength based in part on abrasion resistance andalso burst strength provide increased consistency in the results ofstrength evaluation. This evaluation is more representative of actualuser wear and tear when the textiles are incorporated into articles ofclothing.

Although elements have been shown or described as separate embodimentsabove, portions of each embodiment may be combined with all or part ofother embodiments described above.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above.Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed asexample forms for implementing the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of testing a textile for abrasionresistance comprising: preparing a plurality of samples of the textilefor abrasion testing; outfitting an abrasion resistance testing machinewith a plurality of test heads; securing a standard test pad for theabrasion resistance testing machine to a bottom disk of each of theplurality of test heads; securing an abrasive material on top of eachstandard test pad on each bottom disk with a layer of adhesive betweenthe abrasive material and the standard test pad, wherein the abrasivematerial has an abrasive surface with a coefficient of friction greaterthan a coefficient of friction of the standard test pad and wherein theabrasive surface comprises micro-replicated abrading structures,multiple layers of abrading structures or combinations thereof; securingeach one of the plurality of samples for abrasion testing to a top plateof a respective test head; setting a plurality of selected parametersfor testing, wherein the plurality of selected parameters comprise apre-selected number of rubs for movement of the plurality of test headsand one or more of the following: a speed of movement of the pluralityof test heads; and a force behind contact between the sample and theabrasive material by increasing a weight of a top plate of the testheads by addition of a weighted plate to the top plate of each testhead; contacting the abrasive surfaces of the abrasive material insteadof the standard test pad with exposed surfaces of the correspondingsamples; and testing the samples according to the selected parameters.2. The method of claim 1, and weighing each sample for abrasion testingprior to securing the sample to the top plate for testing.
 3. The methodof claim 1, and weighing each sample after testing the samples accordingto the selected parameters.
 4. The method of claim 1, and furthercomprising testing an abraded area of each one of the plurality ofsamples for a burst strength using a burst strength testing machine. 5.The method of claim 1, where in the number of rubs selected is in therange of 4,500 to 6,000 rubs.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein thesamples include a textile treated with an application of polyethylene.7. The method of claim 6, and further comprising washing and drying atleast one set of samples a selected number of times.
 8. The method ofclaim 6, and further comprising washing and drying a plurality of setsof samples a varying number of times.
 9. The method of claim 1, whereinthe abrasive surface of the abrasive material is an abrasive materialhaving a plurality of micro-replicated structures comprising triangularshaped abrading structures thereon.
 10. The method of claim 1, whereinthe test heads comprise spindles having a weight that applies a pressureof 9 kPa or greater.
 11. The method of claim 10, and further comprisingadding an approximately 415 gram steel plate to the plate to increasethe pressure applied to the sample by the spindles.